In recent years, the safety of the tongue can be said to be the public's most concerned about the topic. In recent years, cadmium rice, heavy metals and other food safety incidents have let us begin to realize that we have been on the soil has been contaminated, and harmful substances have been with food, drinking water is the end of our table. But how serious is the problem of soil pollution? How much impact on the safety of agricultural products? From the fields to the table, a lot of people eager to get an accurate answer.
The Ministry of environmental protection and the Ministry of land and resources issued a national survey on the status of soil pollution. The survey results show that the overall situation of soil environment is not optimistic, the soil pollution in some areas is heavy, the environmental quality of cultivated land is poor, the total points of the national soil exceeded the standard rate is 16.1%, which is 11.2%, 2.3%, 1.5% and 1.1% respectively. From the point of view of soil pollution types, with no model based, organic type, the number of inorganic pollutants exceeded the standard point of the total number of points over 82.8%. From the excessive level of pollutants, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium, zinc, nickel 8 kinds of inorganic pollutants exceeded rates were 7%, 1.6%, 2.1%, 1.5%, 1.1%, 0.9%, 4.8%, two, according to the relevant person in charge of soil environmental quality by multiple factors superimposed, China's soil pollution is in the process of economic and social development and long-term accumulation of. Human activities such as industrial and mining, agricultural production and other human activities are the main causes of soil pollution or excessive. Therefore, the economy is more developed in the Middle East region, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, northeast old industrial base, Hunan and other heavy metal enrichment of soil pollution is particularly serious.
In recent years, Hunan many rice, vegetables for farmers because a they do not understand the element cadmium, suffer huge economic losses. "Because of the heavy metal in the soil that we are here, we are not going to sell the vegetables"
The harm of heavy metal pollution to crops and human beings is as follows:
1 heavy metals in soil - crop system migration directly affect the physiological and biochemical and growth development, thereby affecting the yield and quality of crops. For example, cadmium is a toxic element that is harmful to plant growth. If the cadmium in soil is too high, it will destroy the chlorophyll structure of plant leaves, reduce the absorption of water and nutrients, inhibit root growth, and reduce the yield of plants. "Lead" in the plant tissues can lead to oxidation, photosynthesis and the weakening of the intensity of fat metabolism, reduce the absorption of water, oxygen consumption increased, thereby impeding the growth of crops, and even cause the death of crops, etc..
2 heavy metals can ultimately endanger human health through the food chain. For example, the "cadmium" of the biological toxicity is significant, will give the human body to bring high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, kidney dysfunction, and a series of problems. "Mercury" into the human body directly after the sinking of the liver, the brain damage to the brain. Arsenic can cause skin pigmentation, resulting in abnormal skin pigmentation. "Chromium" can cause numbness in the limbs, mental disorders. "Lead" is a kind of heavy metal pollution, but it is very difficult to rule out the human body, and it can directly injure the brain cells.
Heavy metal pollutants in the soil, the long time, the residence time is long, can not be degraded by microorganisms; and the water, plants and other media will eventually affect human health. Soil heavy metal pollution and treatment has become the focus of attention of the scientific community and the world. The method of soil heavy metal pollution treatment can be summarized as four kinds of methods, such as thermodynamics, biology, agricultural engineering and physical and chemical treatment. Heat treatment method is limited to lower repair efficiency and higher economic investment, and the change of the emission of toxic gases and basic characters of soil. In the method of plant restoration, the selection of plant, the biomass and the time of restoration will be the key to restrict the development of the plant. Agricultural Engineering roots and soil will destroy the natural character of the soil, but also may affect the safety of groundwater. Feasibility is relatively high, but also all over the world the most common method is by physical and chemical treatment method, is mainly to be polluted soil added some passivation repair agent (for example, broadcast "master chef Tian" soil conditioner, etc.), to reduce the heavy metals in the soil of effective concentration or change the redox state, so as to effectively lower the migration, toxicity and bioavailability.
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